갑옷바퀴
Cryptocercus kyebangensis Grandcolas 2001

몸길이는 수컷 17-21, 암컷 18-24 ㎜ 내외이다. 몸은 매끄럽고 윤이 나며 짙은 흑갈색이다. 날개는 전혀 없으며 앞가슴등판에 T자 모양으로 뚜렷하게 파인 홈과 점각이 발달한다. 주로 고산지대의 썩은 나무 속에서 집단으로 발견된다. 새끼와 어미가 어울려 아사회성 생활을 한다.

Original description:
Cryptocercus kyebangensis Grandcolas 2001 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 151: 63, figs. 1-3, 6, 8-10, 15, 16, 19.

  Holotype. -SOUTH KOREA: Kyebang Mountain (=Kyebangsan, =Gyebangsan), 1557 m, 38 ㎞ west-southwest of Kangnung; temperate deciduous forest, 3. X. 1998 (Yung Chul Park and Philippe Grandcolas) (MNHN); male.
  Allotype. -Type locality; female.
  Paratypes. -Type locality; 6 males and 1 female (pinned), 4 males and 6 females (in alcohol) (MNHN); 2 males and 2 females (in alcohol) (ANSP); 3 males and 3 females (pinned) (NMNHK). Sokyebang Mountain (=Sokyebangsan), 1456 m, 32 ㎞ west of Kangnung, temperate deciduous forest, 3. X. 1998 (Yung Chul Park and Philippe Grandcolas) (MNHN); 1 male and 2 females.
  Etymology. -This species is named after the type locality. According to newer Romanized spellings of Korean names, the type locality should be now spelled Gyebang Mountain, not Kyebang Mountain. We, however, prefer to name this new species according to the previous spelling, which is still prevalent in geographical data bases and maps.
  Description. -Small-sized species, not slender but wide and not cylindrical but quite flattened dorso-ventrally by comparison with other species of the genus; coloration black or very dark brown, even on the ventral side.
  Pronotum smooth, with some low ridges or small projections but without horns or sharp projections, and not very developed laterally; its cephalic margin shaped as a carina only slightly not widened in the middle and slightly concave.
  Fore femora with four, rarely three or five, apical spines on the ventro-anterior margin; all femora with one (sometimes two) spines on the ventro-posterior margin; all spines moderately long and robust.
  Abdomen with tergites smooth, with few and very weak punctuations and without any other protuberances; large tergal glands similar to those described in C. punctulatus; covered eighth sternite without projections on the caudal margins. Sternites also smooth.
  Male subgenital plate with caudal margin regularly rounded and very slightly protruding in the middle, between the two well-differentiated styli which are apically rounded; with weak concavities on each lateral margin and inner to each stylus. Male supra-anal plate subtriangular with a clearly rounded caudal margin.
  Female subgenital plate with a narrowly truncate apex and convex subapically.
  Male genitalia. -Apical and dorsal part of sclerite L2v deeply sclerotized; ventral and elongated part of the same sclerite with the basal part irregularly quadrate, and the apical part medium-sized and ending with a widened sclerotization; the apical forked part of the sclerite R3d with two branches the ventral one is wide and rounded and the dorsal one is straight and narrow, separated by a small rounded unsclerotized space. Ventral phallomere very weakly sclerotized.
  Female genitalia. -Inner side of basivalvulae straight or evenly rounded but evenly sclerotized; laterosternite IX with the ventral arm digitiform, and the dorsal margin not sinuous. Spermatheca with short ducts, the basal one clearly widened before the fork leading to a big and oval terminal ampulla and a small and elongated basal ampulla; the length of the duct leading to the terminal ampulla is highly variable.
  Ootheca. -Similar to the ootheca describes from C. punctulatus.
  Measurements (㎜, females in parentheses). - Length, 17-19.5 (17.5-19); pronotum length, 3.9-4.8 (4-4.4); pronotum width, 6.2-7.4 (6.5-6.6).
  Comments. -This population was collected in a small valley the bottom and the slopes of which were covered of deciduous forest. Six other distinct populations of Cryptocercus have been sampled throughout the whole territory of South Korea but were not included in this account because they show morphological variation which suggests that they are not conspecific with C. kyebangensis. We prefer to base the present description on material the homogeneity of which is unquestionable and which represents the populations used for behavioral studies. Further caryological and molecular studies will be necessary to assess how many species are present in South Korea.
  Behavioral ecology. -This species was found in rotten trunks and branches, mostly on the ground, and it harbors intestinal protista as C. punctulatus, C. clevelandi or C. relictus. Similarly, families or old solitary individuals shelter in galleries and chambers. The abundance of this species is however much lower than for C. punctulatus; the same sampling effort in the understory resulted in much smaller samples, about one fifth as many but a statistical sampling analysis is needed to assess whether it is related only to specific population parameters or both to these parameters and to the differential abundance or distribution of the dead wood. Such low density is in accord with the general paucity of subcortical arthropods in South Korean forests reported by Choe (1997).
  Comparison with other species. -This species is quite distinct from others described from North America and the Old world, although examination of genitalia is needed for identification. We provide criteria for the identification of C. kyebangensus, which have proved to be very specific of this species by comparison with samples from different locations in East Asia and North America belonging to different species.
  C. kyebangensis differs from North American species mainly by its small size (generally less than 20 ㎜), by obviously lacking punctuations on the last tergites and projections on the male covered eighth sternite, by having a male subgenital plate with a caudal margin regularly rounded between the styli and having a very slightly medially concave pronotal cephalic margin.
  C. kyebangensis differs from C. relictus (Russia) by having spines on the apex of the ventro-posterior margins of middle and hind femora, by having a caudal margin of the male subgenital plate regularly rounded between the styli and by genitalic characters: male sclerite R3d with the outer part not very widened and not shorter than the inner part, male sclerite L2v stronger and deeper female basivalvulae with the inner margin more evenly sclerotized, and the spermatheca with the basal ampulla elongated, not oval-spherical.
  C. kyebangensis differs from C. primarius (China) by its small size, by lacking any regosities or punctuations on the tergites, by the female subgenital plate with well-curved margins lateral to apex, by genitalic characters: male sclerite L2v with an apical and dorsal part deeply sclerotized instead of apically and widely, male sclerite R3d with the outer part rounded and moderately elongated and not robust and fork-like, spermatheca with the basal ampulla elongated bot not oval, and the female basivalvulae slender with the inner margin evenly sclerotized. C. kyebangensis also differs from C. matilei (China) by the same characters (except for characters in male genitalia inapplicable because the male sex is undescribed in C. matilei).
  When C. kyebangensis is compared to undescribed populations from other regions of South Korea, the male and female subgenital plate, the male sclerites L2v and R3d, and the spermatheca appear diagnostic for the populations ranging in Mountains Kyebang and Sokyebang.

<참고문헌>

● Grandcolas P, Park YC, Choe JC, Piulachs MD, Belles X, D'Haese C, Farine JP and Brossut R. 2001. What does reveal Crytocercus kyebangensis, n. sp. from south Korea about Crytocercus evolution? A study in morphology, moleccular phylogeny and chemistry of tergal gland (Dictyoptera, Blattaria, Polyphagidae). Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 151: 61-79.
● Park YC and Choe JC, 2002. Structure of female genitalia in the Korean wood-feeding cockroach, Cryptocercus kyebangensis. Korean J. Biol. Sci. 6: 65-68.
● Park YC and Choe JC, 2003. Life history and population dynamics of Korean woodroach (Cryptocercus kyebangensis) populations. Korean J. Biol. Sci. 7: 111-117.
● Park YC and Choe JC, 2003. Morphological differences of immature stages between males and females in a Korean wood-feeding cockroach (Cryptocercus kyebangensis). Korean J. Biol. Sci. 7: 105-109.